KSEEB Class 10 History Important Questions Chapter 1 Advent of Europeans to India

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Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science History Important Questions Chapter 1 Advent of Europeans to India

Question 1
How did trade take place between India and Europe during the Middle Ages?
Answer:
During the Middle Ages trade between Europe and India was carried on along several routes. The Asian part of the trade was carried on mostly by Arab merchants, while the European part was the virtual monopoly of the Italians. Goods from Asia were carried by Arab merchants into Constantinople, which were bought by Italian merchants and sold in Europe.

Question 2.
Which were the Indian goods that were in great demand in Europe?
Answer:
Since ancient times, Indian spices like pepper, cardamom, ginger, etc., were in great demand in Europe.

Question 3.
How did the Arab merchants and Italian traders gain monopoly of the trade in Asia and Europe respectively?
Answer:
The trade relationship between India, Europe and other Asian countries continued even during the Middle Ages. The Arab merchants carried the Asian merchandise into Constantinople of Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Italian merchants would buy these goods and then sell them in European countries. This way, while Arab merchants gained monopoly over the trade in Asian countries, Italian traders had gained monopoly over trade in Europe.

Question 4.
Constantinople was called the gateway of European trade. Why?
Answer:
The Arab merchants carried the Asian merchandise into Constantinople of Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Italian merchants would buy these goods and then sell them in European countries. Thus Constantinople was the centre of international business and hence was called the gateway of European trade.

Question 5.
Who controlled the commercial activities of Asian during the Middle Ages?
Answer:
The Arabs controlled the commercial activities of Asia during the Miadle Ages.

Question 6.
Which country held the monopoly of European trade during the Middle Ages?
Answer:
Italy held the monopoly of European trade during the Middle Ages.

Question 7.
Through which city did the trade between Asia and Europe take place in the Middle Ages?
Answer:
In the Middle Ages, the trade between Asia and Europe took place through the city of Constantinople.

Question 8.
How did all the trade routes connecting the city of Constantinople come under the control of tiie Turks?
Answer:
In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople. As a result, all the trade routes connecting the city of Constantinople came under the control of Turks.

Question 9.
Who captured Constantinople in 1453 A.D.?
Answer:
The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453 A.D.

Question 10.
Discuss the reasons that resulted in the discovery of a new sea route to India.
(OR)
What were the motivating factors for the Europeans to find a new sea route to India?
(OR)
Answer:
“The fall of Constantinople led to the discovery of a new sea route to India”. Explain how. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople and brought all the routes connecting the city under its control. The Turks started levying too many taxes on the goods passing through the routes, making trade unprofitable. Meanwhile, Spain and Portugal were attempting to break the monopoly of Italian traders. They started encouraging sailors to find a new sea route to India. The invention of compass, astrolabes and gunpowder provided further impetus to this venture.

Question 11.
Who was the first to discover a new sea route to India?
Answer:
Vasco-da-Gama, a Portuguese sailor, was the first to discover a new sea route to India.

Question 12.
Who was Vasco-da-Gama? When and where did he land in India?
Answer:
Vasco-da-Gama was a Portuguese sailor. He landed at Kappadu neat Calicut on the East coast of India in 1498.

Question 13.
Who were the first to re-establish trade between India and Europe?
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first to re-establish trade between India and Europe.

Question 14.
When and where was the Suez Canal built? Which seas did it connect?
Answer:
The Suez Canal was built in 1869 in Egypt. It connected the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 15.
List the Europeans who came to India for trade.
(OR)
Which were the four European countries that established colonies in India?
Answer:
The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French and the English were the European countries that came to India for trade and established colonies.

Question 16.
Which European country was the first to arrive in India for trade and the last to leave?
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first to arrive in India for trade and also the last to leave.

Question 17.
Who became the Viceroy of the Portuguese after Vasco-da-Gama?
Answer:
Francisco de Almeida became the Viceroy of the Portuguese after Vasco-da-Gama.

Question 18.
What was the policy implemented by Francisco de Almeida? What was its objective?
(OR)
Who implemented the Blue Water Policy? What was its purpose?
Answer:
Francisco de Almeida implemented the Blue Water Policy in order to establish the supremacy of the Portuguese over the seas.

Question 19.
Who is considered as the real founder of the Portuguese Empire in India?
Answer:
Alfonso de Albuquerque, who succeeded Francisco de Almeida, is considered as the real founder of the Portuguese Empire in India.

Question 20.
Write a note on Alfonso de Albuquerque.
Answer:
Alfonso de Albuquerque, who succeeded Francisco de Almeida, is considered as the real founder of the Portuguese Empire in India. He waged a battle against the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 and won Goa. Goa became the administrative centre of the Portuguese in India.

Question 21.
Why did the Portuguese monopoly over trade with India decline?
Answer:
The Portuguese monopoly over trade with India declined with the arrival of the English and the French in India.

Question 22.
Name the company established by the Dutch for the purpose of trade with eastern countries.
Answer:
The Dutch established the United East India Company in 1602 for the purpose of trade with eastern countries.

Question 23.
When and where was the United East India Company established?
Answer:
The United East India Company was established in 1602 in Netherlands.

Question 24.
Name the places in India where the Dutch established warehouses.
Answer:
In India, the Dutch established warehouses at Surat, Broach, Cambay, Cochin, Nagapattinam, Masulipatnam and Chinsura.

Question 25.
Why did the Dutch power decline in India?
Answer:
Since the Dutch were unable to face the competition from the English and the French, their power declined and they limited themselves to the Spice Islands in Indonesia.

Question 26.
In which year did the Queen of England permit the East India Company to trade with Eastern countiies?
Answer:
Queen Elizabeth, the queen of England, issued a royal charter in 1600 authorizing the East India Company to trade with Eastern countries.

Question 27.
When was the East India Company established?
Answer:
The East India Company was established in 1600.

Question 28.
In which year did the Mughal Emperor Jahangir issue a royal charter to the British to conduct trade?
Answer:
The Mughal Emperor Jahangir issued a royal charter in 1613 allowing the British to conduct trade in Surat on the west coast and in Hooghly on the east coast.

Question 29.
Name the Mughal Emperor who permitted the English to set up a warehouse in India.
Answer:
The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to set up a warehouse in India.

Question 30.
Where did the English establish their first warehouse in India?
Answer:
The English established their first warehouse in India at Surat.

Question 31.
Name the royal ambassador of King James I who came to the court of Jahangir.
Answer:
Sir Thomas Roe came to the court of Jahangir as the royal ambassador of King James

Question 32.
Write a note on Sir Thomas Roe.
Answer:
Sir Thomas Roe was the royal ambassador from the court of King James I who came to the court of Jahangir. He sought permission from Jahangir to establish factories at several places in the Mughal empire. The English established factories at Agra, Ahmedabad and Broach.

Question 33.
How did the English establish themselves in India?
(OR)
How did the English make Calcutta, Bombay and Madras their important centres in India?
Answer:
Sir Thomas Roe, the ambassador from the court of King James I, came to the court of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and obtained permission to start factories in the Mughal empire. The English established factories at Agra.Ahmedabad and Broach. In 1639, the English took Madras from the king of Chandragiri and established a fort named Fort St. George there. In 1668, Charles II, the Prince of England, gave Bombay on an annual rent often pounds to the East India Company.

In 1690, the English purchased three villages namely Sutanauti, Kalikata and Govindapura on the banks of the Hooghly river and built Fort William. The city of Calcutta grew around this fort. By the 17th century the English had established Bombay, Madras and Calcutta as the centres of their presidencies. In the later part of the 18th century, they made Calcutta their capital. They implemented their own civil and criminal procedure codes in the areas that were under their control.

Question 34.
Name the fort built by the English at Madras.
Answer:
The English built Fort St. George at Madras.

Question 35.
From whom did the East India Company obtain Bombay?
Answer:
The East India Company obtained Bombay from Charles II, the Prince of England, in 1668 on an annual rent of ten pounds.

Question 36.
Name the fort built by the English at Calcutta. Where was it built?
Answer:
The English built Fort William on the banks of the river Hooghly in Calcutta.

Question 37.
Which place became the capital of the English in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
Calcutta became the capital of the English in the eighteenth century.

Question 38.
When and where was the French East India Company established?
Answer:
The French East India Company was established in 1664 in France.

Question 39.
When and where did the French start their first factory in India?
Answer:
The French started their first factory in India at Surat in 1668.

Question 40.
Name the places where the French built their factories in India.
Answer:
The French built factories at Surat, Machalipatnam, Chandranagore, Mahe, Karaikal, Cassimbazar, Balasore and Pondicherry.

Question 41.
Which place developed by the French came to be known as Pondicherry?
Answer:
Valikandapuram, developed by the French as a trade centre, later came to be known as Pondicherry.

Question 42.
Name the French Governor General who had ambitions of establishing the French as a major power in South India.
Answer:
Dupleix,who arrived in Pondicherry as the Governor General of the French, had ambitions of establishing the French as a major power in South India.

Question 43.
Why did the Carnatic wars take place?
Answer:
With the Portuguese and the Dutch withdrawing from India, the French and the English tried to establish their supremacy over India. Meanwhile, conflicts arose in Hyderabad and Carnatic, and both the French and the English tried to exploit the situation. This led to the Carnatic wars.

Question 44.
Between whom were the Carnatic wars fought?
Answer:
The Carnatic wars were fought between the French and the English.

Question 45.
When and between whom did the first Carnatic war take place?
Answer:
The first Carnatic war took place between the English and the French from 1746 to 1748.

Question 46.
How did Anwaruddin become the Nawab of Carnatic?
Answer:
Asaf jha established a kingdom in Hyderabad in 1724. His feudatory ruler, Dost Ali, who was ruling the Carnatic region, was not loyal to him. The Marathas killed Dost Ali in 1740 and looted the Carnatic. They imprisoned his son-in-law Chandasaheb in Satara. Asaf Jha named Anwaruddin as the Nawab of Carnatic in the place of Dost Ali.

Question 47.
Write a note on the first Carnatic war.
Answer:
The first Carnatic war took place between the English and the French from 1746 to 1748. On the request of Dupleix, La Bourdonnais, a French military leader from Mauritius, captured Madras. This forced the English to seek the help of Anwaruddin, the Nawab of Carnatic. The army sent by Anwaruddin failed to defeat the French at Madras. In the meanwhile, La Bourdonnais took money from the English and returned Madras to them. This enraged Dupleix and he tried to take Madras, but failed. Finally, the war came to an end with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Question 48.
By which treaty did the first Carnatic war come to an end?
Answer:
The first Carnatic war came to an end by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Question 49.
When and between whom did the second Carnatic war take place?
Answer:
The second Carnatic war took place between the English under Robert Clive and the French under Dupleix from 1749 to 1754.

Question 50.
Write a note on the second Carnatic war.
Answer:
The second Carnatic war took place between the English under Robert Clive and the French under Dupleix from 1749 to 1754. The French made Salabath Jung, a son of Asaf Jha, the Nizam of Hyderabad and stationed an officer named Bussy for his protection. In the Carnatic, Chandasaheb had becojne the Nawab with the help of the French. The English under Robert Clive attacked Arcot, the capital city of Carnatic, and defeated Chandasaheb. Chandasaheb was imprisoned and later killed in the war. The English named Muhammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin, as the nawab of Carnatic in the place of Chandasaheb. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry. –

Question 51.
By which treaty did the second Carnatic war come to an end?
Answer:
The second Carnatic war came to an end by the treaty of Pondicherry.

Question 52.
When and between whom did the third Carnatic war take place?
Answer:
The third Carnatic war took place between the English under Sir Eyre Coote and the French from 1756 to 1763.

Question 53.
Write a note on the third Carnatic war.
(OR)
What was the cause and result of the third Carnatic war?
Answer:
In 1760 the French commander Count de Lally attempted to besiege Wandiwash. In a decisive battle, the English army under Sir Eyre Coote defeated the French and imprisoned Bussy. Lally escaped to Pondicherry. Sir Eyre Coote attacked Pondicherry and Lally had to surrender unconditionally in 1761. The war came to an end by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The French lost their importance in India having lost all their bases.

Question 54.
When and between whom was the battle of Wandiwash fought?
Answer:
The battle of Wandiwash was fought in 1760 between the English under Eyre Coote and the French under Count de Lally.

Question 55.
By which treaty did the third Carnatic war come to an end?
Answer:
The third Carnatic war came to an end by the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

Question 56.
Write a short note on Robert Clive.
Answer:
Robert Clive joined the English East India Company as a clerk. He played a significant role in the victories in the Carnatic wars and later in the Battle of Plassey in BengaL He also made a huge fortune after this victory. He returned to England with this wealth and became a Member of Parliament. After Clive’s departure to England, the East India Company incurred huge losses. The British government was forced to send him back to India as a General. Clive brought victory to the British in the battle of Buxar and obtained the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Question 57.
Write a note on Dupleix.
Answer:
Dupleix was the Governor General of the French possessions in India. He dreamt of establishing French supremacy over India and entered into pacts with native rulers. He posed a great challenge to the establishment of British supremacy. He played an important role in the Battle of Madras in 1746 during the first Carnatic war in which he was successful. The conflict between the French and the English continued till 1754. Subsequently, the French government, desiring peace, recalled Dupleix.

Question 58.
Why did the English come into conflict with the Nawabs in the Bengal province? What was the result?
Answer:
After gaining control over South India, the English tried to gain control over the rich Bengal province in the later part of the eighteenth century. The Bengal province had achieved tremendous growth in the areas of agriculture, commerce and industry. The East India Company was making considerable profit from this province through Dastaks or licenses to trade without paying taxes, issued by the Mughal emperor Farukh-siyar.

But these Dastaks, that were limited to the transactions of the company, were misused by the officers of the company, resulting in huge loss to the Bengal government. Hence the Nawabs began to oppose the misuse of the Dastaks. This led to confrontation between the Nawabs and the Company. This resulted in two crucial battles – the Battle of Plassey and the Battle of Buxar – which charted the course of Indian history.

Question 59.
When and between whom was the battle of Plassey fought?
Answer:
The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 between the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-daula and the British army led by Robert Clive.

Question 60.
What were the reasons for the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
The reasons for the Battle of Plassey were:

• Misuse of dastaks: Siraj-ud-daula was furious that the dastaks were misused by the officials of the company causing losses to the government treasury.
• Mending of the fort without permission: The biitish repaired the fort at Calcutta and placed canons in them. Siraj-ud-daula ordered tne removal of the canons. The British refused to do so, angering the Nawab.
• Black hole tragedy: Siraj-ud-daula captured Fort William and imprisoned some of the Englishmen. He imprisoned 146 Englishmen in a small ‘ om in the fort, of whom 123 died. This is called black hole tragedy. This enraged Robert Clive and he arrived in Bengal with a huge army.

Question 61.
Trace the course of the Battle of Plassey.
Answer:
Robert Clive arrived in Bengal with a huge army. He was successful in convincing Mir Jafar.the military head of Siraj-ud-daula, to remain neutral in the battle by offering him the post of Nawab of Bengal. Encouraged by this, Robert Clive declared war against Siraj-ud-daula. Siraj-ud-daula, who tried to escape from the battlefield, was captured and killed.

Question 62.
What were the results of the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
The results of the Battle of Plassey were:

• Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal, was defeated and killed in the battle.
• Mir Jafar, who had helped the British, was made the Nawab of Bengal.
• The company gained exclusive rights to trade in Bengal.

Question 63.
Whom did the British appoint as Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
The British appointed Mir Jafar as Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey.

Question 64.
Who was appointed Nawab of Bengal in place of Mir Jafar?
Answer:
Mir Qasim was appointed Nawab of Bengal in place of Mir Jafar.

Question 65.
Why did the British appoint Mir Qasim as the Nawab of Bengal?
Answer:
After the Battle of Plassey, the British appointed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal. But later, the British projected Mir Jafar as an inefficient Nawab and appointed his nephew Mir Qasim as Nawab.

Question 66.
When did the Battle ofBuxar take place?
Answer:
The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764.

Question 67.
What were the causes for the Battle of Buxar?
Answer:
Mir Qasim, who was appointed as Nawab by the British, remained loyal to the company in the beginning. In order to stop the misuse of dastaks by the company officials, he exempted trade from all taxes. As a result, Indians began to compete with the British. Due to this, British trade suffered considerably. The British dethroned Mir Qasim and brought back Mir Jafar. Mir Qasim entered into agreements with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh. The combined forces faced the British army led by Hector Munroe at Buxar in 1764. Mir Qasim was defeated and Shah Alam II surrendered.

Question 68.
What were the results of the Battle of Buxar?
(OR)
The battle of Buxar had helped the British to get many benefits. Substantiate. The results of the Battle of Buxar were:

• Shah Alam II conceded the Diwani rights over Bengal to the British for an annual fee of Rs. 26 lakhs.
• The Nawab of Awadh was fined Rs. 50 lakhs for waging war against the company.
• The British took over the administration of Bengal.
• The British acquired the provinces of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa.

Question 69.
What is Diwani?
Answer:
Diwani is the right to collect land revenue.

Question 70.
Who granted diwani rights to the British?
Answer:
The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted diwani rights to the British.

Question 71.
Who introduced the system of dual government?
Answer:
Robert Clive introduced the system of dual government.

Question 72.
What is dual government? What were its features?
(OR)
Describe the system of dual government.
(OR)
Explain the dual government of Robert Clive.
Answer:
The system of dual government was introduced by Robert Clive. Under the system, the British got the right to collect land taxes while the Nawab looked after the overall administration as also the administration of justice. This enabled the British to collect taxes without being responsible for the administration.

Question 73.
How did the British establish control over Bihar, Bengal and Orissa through dual government?
Answer:
As a result of their victory in the Battle of Buxar, the British acquired the provinces of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II conceded the diwani rights to the British. Subsequently, Robert Clive introduced the system of dual government. As a result, the British got the right to collect taxes while the administration was put in the hands of the Nawab. The British thus established control over Bihar, Bengal and Orissa.

Multiple-choice Questions:

Question 1.
The historic event that took place in 1453 A.D. was
(A) Constantinople became the gateway of European trade
(B) a new sea route to India was discovered
(C) new devices were invented to encourage voyages
(D) Ottoman Turks occupied Constantinople.
Answer:
(D) Ottoman Turks occupied Constantinople.

Question 2.
The fall of Constantinople resulted in
(A) the Turks losing control of Constantinople
(B) closure of the land route between Asia and Europe
(C) setting up of new trading centres
(D) discovery of a new land route.
Answer:
(B) closure of the land route between Asia and Europe

Question 3.
During the Middle Ages, the controlled the Asian trade with Europe.
(A) Turks
(B) Arabs
(C) Chinese
(D) Indians.
Answer:
(B) Arabs

Question 4.
The Mediterranean and European trade was monopolized by during the Middle Ages.
(A) England
(B) Portugal
(C) France
(D) Italy
Answer:
(D) Italy

Question 5.
The Portuguese navigator who reached India in 1498 A.D. was
(A) Vasco-da-Gama
(B) Columbus
(C) Magellan
(D) Albuquerque.
Answer:
(A) Vasco-da-Gama

Question 6.
The Nawab of Bengal who fought the battle of Plassey against the British was
(A) Mir Qasim
(B) Siraj-ud-daula
(C) Mir Jafar
(D) Shuja-ud-daula.
Answer:
(B) Siraj-ud-daula

Question 7.
The British defeated the combined armies of at the Battle of Buxar in 1764.
(A) the Marathas, Hyderabad and Carnatic
(B) the French, the Dutch and the Portuguese
(C) Mir Qasim, Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-daula
(D) Bengal, Oudh and Carnatic.
Answer:
(C) Mir Qasim, Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-daula

Question 8.
The Mughal Emperor who gave the right of Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the British East India Company was
(A) Faruk-siyar
(B) Shah Alam II
(C) Aurangzeb
(D) Jahangir.
Answer:
(B) Shah Alam II

Question 9.
Sir Eyre Coote defeated the French at
(A) Wandiwash
(B) Rajamundry
(C) Arcot
(D) Trichy
Answer:
(A) Wandiwash

Question 10.
According to the Dual Government introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal,
(A) the British would run the government and the Nawab would collect taxes
(B) the British would collect taxes and the Nawab had to run the administration
(C) the Nawab and the British were responsible for collecting taxes and looking after the administration
(D) the British would be in charge of administration and collection of taxes.
Answer:
(B) the British would collect taxes and the Nawab had to run the administration

Question 11.
The countries of Europe which encouraged sailors to discover new lands were
(A) Spain and Italy
(B) France and Spain
(C) Spain and Portugal
(D) England and France

Question 12.
The Mughal Emperor who granted some villages near Calcutta to the British was
(A) Jahangir
(B) Bahadur Shah II
(C) Shah Alam
(D) Faruk-siyar
Answer:
(D) Faruk-siyar

Question 13.
The battle of Plassey was fought in the year
(A) 1857
(B) 1758
(C) 1757
(D) 1775
Answer:
(C) 1757

Question 14.
The commander of the English army in the battle of Wandiwash was
(A) Dupleix
(B) Sir Eyre Coote
(C) Robert Clive
(D) Lord Wellesley
Answer:
(B) Sir Eyre Coote

Question 15.
In the battle of Plassey, the English were led by
(A) Sir Eyre Coote
(B) Robert Clive
(C) Lord Wellesley
(D) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(B) Robert Clive

Question 16.
Dual government was introduced in Bengal by
(A) Siraj-ud-daula
(B) Dupleix
(C) Robert Clive
(D) Mir Jafar
Answer:
(C) Robert Clive

Question 17.
The person who became the Nawab of Bengal after Mir Jafar was ,
(A) Shah Alam
(B) Shuja-ud-daula
(C) Mir Qasim
(D) Siraj-ud-daula
Answer:
(C) Mir Qasim

Question 18.
In the triple alliance that fought in the battle of Buxar, the Nawab ofOudh was
(A) Mir Kasim
(B) Mir Jafar
(C) Shah Alam
(D) Shuja-ud-daula
Answer:
(D) Shuja-ud-daula

Fill in the blanks:

1. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks occupied Constantinople
2. The sea route between India and Europe was discovered by Vasco-da-Gama
3. The capital of the French in India was Pondicherry
4. In 1757, Robert Clive declared battle over Siraj-ud-daula. Plassey
5. The diwani rights over Bengal were handed over to the British by Shah Alam II
6. The dual government policy was implemented by in Bengal. Robert Clive