1st PUC Economics Question Bank Chapter 2 Collection of Data

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Karnataka 1st PUC Economics Question Bank Chapter 2 Collection of Data

1st PUC Economics Collection of Data TextBook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Frame at least four appropriate multiple-choice options for the following questions.
i) Which of the following is the most important when you buy a new dress?
Answer:

1. Colour
2. Price
3. Brand
4. Quality of cloth

ii) How often do you use computers?
Answer:

1. Every day
2. 6 times a week
3. 4 times a week
4. 2 times a week:

iii) Which of the following newspapers / do you read regularly?
Answer:

• The Times of India
• The Hindu
• Indian Express
• Any other.

iv) Rise in the price of petrol is justified?
Answer:

• Yes
• No
• Don’t Know
• None of the above.

v) What is the monthly income of your family?
Answer:

1. Less than Rs. 10,000
2. Rs. 10,000 to Rs.20,000
3. Rs.20,000 to Rs.30,000
4. More than Rs.30,000

Question 2.
Frame five two-way questions (with ‘yes’ or ‘no’)
Answer:

1. Do you own car?
2. Do you smoke?
3. Do you own two-wheeler?
4. Have you visited any foreign country?
5. Are you satisfied with your present income?

Question 3.
There are many sources of data (true/false)?
i) There are many sources of data (true/false)
Answer:
False.

ii) Telephone survey is the most suitable method of collecting data, when the population is literate and spread over a large area (true/false)
Answer:
False.

iii) Data collected by investigator is called the secondary data (true/false).
Answer:
False.

iv) There is a certain bias involved in the non-random selection of samples (true/false)
Answer:
True.

v) Non-sampling errors can be minimised by taking large samples (true / false)
Answer:
False.

Question 4.
What do you think about the following questions. Do you find any problem with these questions? If yes, how?
i) How for do you live from the closest market?
Answer:
The question is not clear. The question can’t clarify how to show distance.

ii) If plastic bags are only 5 percent of our garbage, should it be banned?
Answer:
The question is too long which discourages people to answer and also it gives a clue about how the respondent should answer.

iii) Wouldn’t you be opposed to increase in price of petrol.
Answer:
The question contains two negatives which creates confusion to the respondents and may lead to biased reports.

iv)

1. Do you agree with use of chemical fertilisers?
2. Do you use fertilisers in your fields?
3. What is the yield per hectare in your fields?

Answer:
The order of questions is incorrect. First, general questions should be asked then specific. The correct order should be:

1. What is the yield per hectare in your field?
2. Do you use fertilisers in your fields?
3. Do you agree with the use of chemical fertilisers?

Question 5.
You want do research on the popularity of Vegetable Atta Noodles among children. Design a suitable questionnaire for collecting this information.
Answer: Questionnaire.
Name :_________________________
Age :_________
Sex :

1. Do you eat noodles?

2. Do you like Vegetable Atta Noodles more than other snacks?

3. How many packets do you consume in one month?

4. Do you prefer Atta noodles over Maida noodles?

5. Which vegetable according to you should be added in present Atta noodles?
_____________________________

6. When do you prefer to have vegetable Atta Noodles?

7. Do your parents accompany you while having noodles?

Question 6.
In a village of200 farms, a study was conducted to find the cropping pattern. Out of the 50 farms surveyed 50% grew only wheat. Identify the population and the sample here.
Answer:
Population or the universe in statistics means totality of the items under study so, the population here is 200 farms. Samples refers to a group or section of the population from which information is to be obtained. Out of 200 farms, only 50 farms are selected for survey. Therefore, the sample population is 50 farms.

Question 7.
Suppose there are 10 students in your class. You want to select three out of them. How many samples are possible?
Answer:
There can be 10 samples.

Question 8.
Discuss how you would use the lottery method to select 3 students out of 10 in your class?
Answer:
Selecting 3 students out of 10 by lottery method. We shall select 3 students out of 10 by lottery method on the following way:

1. Make ten paper slips with name of each student of equal size.
2. Now there are ten cards available.
3. Mix them well in a bowl.
4. Now draw three slips at random without replacement one by one. By this method we can select 3 students.

Question 9.
Does the lottery method always give you a random sample? Explain.
Answer:
No, the lottery method does not always give us a random sample because this method is based on chances.

Question 10.
Explain the procedure of selecting a random sample of 3 students out of 10 in your class, by using random number tables?
Answer:
For selecting a random samples of 3 students out of 10 by random number tables we consult one digit random numbers and we will skip random numbers greater than the value 10 as it the largest social number. We have other 9 one digit numbers. Thus the 3 selected students out of 10 are with serial numbers 5,9,2.

Question 11.
Do samples provide better results than surveys?
Answer:
Sample provide better results than surveys because

1. a sample can provide reasonably reliable and accurate information at a lower cost and shorter time.
2. as samples are smaller than population, more detailed information can be collected by conducting intensive enquiries.
3. sample need a smaller team of enumerators, it is easier to train them and supervise their work more effectively.

1st PUC Economics Collection of Data Additional Questions and Answers

1st PUC Economics Collection of Data Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the purpose of data collection?
Answer:
The purpose of data collection is to provide information regarding a specific topic or a problem.

Question 2.
What are economic variables?
Answer:
The economic variables are those observations which help on changing time to time, ex: literacy rate,
OR
The economic variables are those values which keep on changing time to time.

Question 3.
Give the meaning of primary data?
Answer:
When the data is collected for the first time by an investigator or institution it is called as primary data.

Question 4.
What do you mean by personal interview?
Answer:
When the data is collected directly by the investigator from the individuals or people through interview it is called as personal interview.

Question 5.
Expand NSSO?
Answer:
NSSO – National Sample Survey Organisation.

Question 6.
Expand CSO?
Answer:
CSO – Central Statistical Office.

Question 7.
Expand CMIE?
Answer:
CMIE – Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy.

Question 8.
What is Raw Data?
Answer:
The data which is not organised or unclassified can be called as Raw Data.

Question 9.
What is Quantitative Classification ?
Answer:
When the data are classified on the basis of certain characteristics like weight, height, income, age, production, marks etc., is called as quantitative classification.

Question 10.
What is Qualitative Classification?
Answer:
When the data are classified on the basis of attributes or qualities is called as ‘qualitative classificatioan’

Question 11.
Give the formula for the calculation of a range?
Answer:
Range = L – S
where L is the largest item and S is the smallest item.

Question 12.
What do you mean by class limit?
Answer:
A Class limit contains both class limits as parts of class interval.

Question 13.
Give the meaning of frequency Array?
Answer:
Frequency Array refers to classification of data for a discrete variable. It classifies the data which is not a continuous one.

Question 14.
Define secondary data?
Answer:
When we use the data which will be already collected by some investigator or individuals it can be called as secondary data.

Question 15.
What will be the kind of data published by the Railway department regarding the progress of railways for an investigator?
Answer:
Secondary data.

Question 16.
What kind of data are contained on the census of population and nations income estimate, for the Government?
Answer:
Primary data.

Question 17.
What are the main sources of data?
Answer:
The main sources of data are:

• Primary data
• Secondary data.

Question 18.
Name any two methods of collecting primary data?
Answer:
The two methods of collecting of primary data are:

• Personal interview
• Telephone interview etc.,

Question 19.
Name the two important sources of secondary data?
Answer:
The sources of secondary data are:

1. Published sources
2. Unpublished sources.

Question 20.
What is meant by universe?
Answer:
In statistics universe or population refers to an aggregate of items to be studied for an investigation.

Question 21.
What is meant by Sample?
Answer:
Sample is only a part of the population or the universe.

Question 22.
What is meant by sample method?
Answer:
Sample method is that method in which data is collected from part of the sample on a group of items taken from the population for examination and conclusions are drawn on their basis.

1st PUC Economics Collection of Data Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two types of data collection?
Answer:
The two types of data collection:

1. Primary data
2. Secondary data.

Question 2.
Write any two methods of collecting primary data?
Answer:
The two methods of collecting primary data are:

1. Personal interview method
2. Mailing questionaire method
3. Telephone interviews

Question 3.
Distinguish between census survey and sample survey?
Answer:
1. Census Survey:
If data are collected for each and every unit of ‘universe or population’ it is called census or the method of complete enumeration.

2. Sample Survey:
Sample survey refers to the method in which data are collected about the samples or a group of items taken from the ‘universe.’

Question 4.
What are published sources of secondary data?
Answer:
The published sources of secondary data include:

1. International publications.
2. Government Publications.
3. Reports of Commissions and Committees.
4. Semi-Government Publications.
5. Newspapers, Periodicals etc.,

Question 5.
Why sample surveys are preferred most?
Answer:

1. When it becomes difficult to survey the whole universe, sample survey method is used.
2. Sample survey has more advantages because it provides reliable and accurate information at a lower cost and in a shorter time.
3. They require less energy.
4. Sample survey needs small team of enumerators.

Question 6.
Name the divisions of CSO?
Answer:
The divisions of CSO:

1. Industrial Statistics Wing
2. Manpower Research Division
3. Population Division.

Question 7.
What do you mean by Spatial classification?
Answer:
The classification of data on the basis of geographical location such as countries, states, cities, districts etc., is known as spatial classification.
ex: Production of food grains in different states, literacy level in different districts of Karnataka.

Question 8.
Frame at least four appropriate multiple-choice options for the following questions.
i) Which of the following is the most important when you buy a new dress?
Answer:

1. Colour
2. Price
3. Brand
4. Quality of cloth

ii) How often do you use computers?
Answer:

1. Every day
2. 6 times a week
3. 4 times a week
4. 2 times a week.

iii) Which of the following newspapers / do you read regularly?
Answer:

• a) The Times of India
• b) The Hindu
• c) Indian Express
• d) Any other.

iv) Rise in the price of petrol is justified?
Answer:

• Yes
• No
• Don’t Know
• None of the above.

v) What is the monthly income of your family?
Answer:

• Less than Rs. 10,000
• Rs. 10,000 to Rs.20,000
• Rs.20,000 to Rs.30,000
• More than Rs.30,000

Question 9.
What are the types of variables? Explain?
Answer:
There are two types of variables:

1. Continuous variables
2. Discrete variables

1. Continuous variables:
A continuous variable can be assume any numerical value. It may take integral values (1,2,3,4,5,6..) etc.,

2. Discrete variables:
A discrete variable can take only certain values. It jumps from one value to another and values are not continuous.
For example: Number of students in a class. Here students can be 50, 65,90,100 etc.,

Question 10.
Give the formula to calculate class mid-point?
Answer:
\(\text { Midpoints }=\frac{\text { upper limit }+\text { lower limit }}{2}\)

Question 11.
What is the exclusive method of classification?
Answer:
Under this method we form classes in such a way that the lower limit of a class coincides with the upper class limit of the previous class.

Question 12.
While preparing the questionnaire what points should keep in mind?
Answer:
While preparing the questionnaire the points should keep in mind are:

1. The questionnaire should not be too long
2. The number of questions should be as minimum as possible.
3. The series of questions should move from general to specific.
4. The questions should not be complex.
5. The question should not indicate alternatives to the answer.

Question 13.
What are the three basic ways to collecting data?
Answer:
There are three basic ways of collecting data:
1. Personal interviews:
This method is used when the researcher has access to all the members.

2. Mailing questionnaire:
When the data in a survey are collected by mail, the questionnaire is sent to each individual by mail with a request to complete and return it by given data.

3. Telephone interviews:
In a telephone interview the investigator asks questions over telephone. The advantage of telephone interview are that they are cheaper than personal interview, and can be conducted in a shorter time.

Question 14.
Give advantages and disadvantages of personal interviews mailing questionnaire and telephone interviews?
Answer:
Advantages:
a) Personal interview

1. Highest response rate
2. Allows use of all types of questions

b) Mailing questionnaire

1. Least expensive
2. Only method to reach remote areas
3. No influence on respondents
4. Maintains anonimity of respondent
5. Best for sensitive questions

c) Telephones

1. Relatively low cost
2. Relatively less influence respondents
3. Relatively high responserate.

Disadvantages:
a) Personal interview

• Most expensive
• Possibility of influence respondents

b) Mailing questionnaire

• Cannot be used by illiterates
• Long response time
• Does not allow explanation of unambiguous questions
• Reactions cannot be watched.

c) Telephones

• Limited use
• Reactions cannot be watched.
• Possibility of influencing respondents.

1st PUC Economics Collection of Data Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of collecting primary data by

1. personal interviews and
2. mailing questionnaire to respondents?

Answer:
1. Personal interview:
Advantages:

1. The enumerator can personally explain to the respondent the objective of the enquiry and importance of study.
2. This will help in getting better co-operation of the respondent and in obtaining accurate answers to the questions in the questionnaire.
3. This will save time of the respondent and will keep him in good humour.

Disadvantages:

• The method of expensive.
• It need a large team of enumerators and spend on their training and travel, besides other expenses on food, stationary, lodging etc.,

2. Mailing questionnaire to respondents:
Advantages:

1. The method of mailing questionnaire to respondents is far more convenient and less expensive.

Disadvantages :

• The respondents may not understand or misinterpret some questions.
• The respondent may not take enough care to answer all questions correctly.
• The respondent may ignore and not return the questionnaire all.

Question 2.
What are the main sources of errors in the collection of data?
Answer:
Primary data are obtained by a study specifically designed to fulfil the data needs of the problems at hand.
Data which are not originally collected but rather obtain from published or unpublished sources are known as secondary data.

The difference between primary and secondary data is only of degree. Data which are primary in the name of one become secondary in the hands of another.

The main sources of error in the collection of data are as follows:

• Due to direct personal interview
• Due to indirect oral interview
• Information from correspondents may be misleading.
• Mailed questionnaire may not be properly answered.
• Scheduled sent through enumerators, may give wrong information.

Question 3.
Explain the meaning of ‘statistical enquiry’?
Answer:
The term enquiry means search for information or knowledge statistical methods such as collection of data analysis etc., Whenever a statistical enquiry is conducted, it is necessary to collect numerical data.

It is necessary to collect numerical data. It is the first step in all statistical enquiry. The investigator who collects the data should consider the following before he proceeds to collect them.

1. purpose of enquiry
2. sources of data
3. methods of data collection
4. nature and type of enquiry
5. unit of collection

Question 4.
What precautions are needed before using the secondary data?

1. The investigator must ensure that the data are suitable for the purpose of the enquiry.
2. The investigator should also see what type of data adequate for the in estigation.
3. The investigator must ensure whether the data are reliable to be used.

• The status of the agency which collected the data.
• The method used for collecting data.

Question 5.
What is direct personal investigation? What are its merits and demerits?
Answer:
Direct personal investigation:
According to this method, investigator organises personal contact with those from whom the information is to be obtained.
Merits:

• The investigator personally collects the information, the data are original and accurate.
• The questions can be explained to the informant according to his education standards.
• Data obtained through this method are uniform and homogenous.

Demerits:

• This method suffers from personal elements and hence conclusions and inferences are likely to be biased.
• This method of collecting data is very complex.
• This method involves unnecessary wastage of time and money.

Question 6.
Explain the mail questionnaire method of data collection?
Answer:
Some surveys can be conducted through the use of mail questionnaire. Under this method, a list of questions pertaining to the enquiry is prepared and sent to various informants by post.

The questionnaire contains questions, and provide space for answers. A request is made to the informants through a covering letter to fill up questionnaire and send it back within a specified time.

Merits:

1. The merit of this method is that it does not allow the influencing of the respondent by the interviewer.
2. Mailing costs are much lower than the costs of personal visits.
3. It allow the respondents to remain anonymous.
4. It can reach all groups including those whose personal specialization is not possible.

Demerits:

1. This method can be adopted where the informants are literate people.
2. It includes some uncertainty about the response.
3. The informations supplied by the informants may not be correct.

Question 7.
Distinguish between sampling and non-sampling methods.
Answer:

Sampling	Non-sampling
1. We take a part (sample) of the information	1. We take every items of the information for studies.
2. Inference are drawn from the sample of universe.	2. Inferences are drawn from the data of complete universe.
3. This is the recent method	3. This is an old method
4. Less difficulties are faced because fewer units of the large universe are observed	4. Many difficulties are generally faced when the universe is large.
5. A small number of trained investigators can collect the complete data	5. A large army of investigators may have to be appointed to collect the data
6. It is more scientific	6. It is not so scientific
7. Possible and reliable in such cases	7. Only census method can be used in certain case such as for counting the population of a country.