Students can download Class 10 Sociology Chapter 1 Social Stratification Important Questions, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science Sociology Important Questions Chapter 1 Social Stratification
Question 1.
What are the different bases on which people are stratified?
Answer:
People are stratified on different bases such as gender, caste, profession, class and race.
Question 2.
How do you prove that social inequality exists in society?
Answer:
The fact that people are stratified on the basis of gender, caste, profession, class and race proves that social inequality exists in society.
Question 3.
List the different social inequalities.
Answer:
The different social inequalities are: income sources, education and professional opportunities, health facilities and political representation and participation.
Question 4.
What are the reasons for social inequality?
Answer:
Stratification of people on the basis of gender, caste, profession, class, race, income, education, profession, political representation, etc., are the reasons for social inequality.
Question 5.
How is the already existing social inequality continued?
Answer:
Social inequality is the result of already present unequal social opportunities. This is continued by providing unequal access to materials, resources, income, opportunities, recognition and status.
Question 6.
How can you prove that inequality is present in society?
Answer:
By neglecting social service sectors like public health, public education and social security, the life of the poor is made difficult. This allows the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few people. Economic growth and increase in GDP has led to the creation of millionaires and billionaires. This shows the inequality present in society.
Question 7.
What is the need for education?
Answer:
Education is S special structure that brings equal opportunities, openings and social justice in human life. Hence the need for education.
Question 8.
Why should governments provide educational opportunities to all children?
Answer:
Education is a special structure that brings equal opportunities, openings and social justice in human life. Hence governments should provide educational opportunities to all children.
Question 9.
What are the provisions in the Indian Constitution relating to education and social justice?
OR
Which Articles of the Indian Constitution provide for education and social justice?
OR
Explain the measures taken by the government to bring educational equality.
Answer:
By incorporating various Articles in the Indian Constitution, the government has tried to bring educational equality.
- Article 39 states that providing social justice and people’s welfare is the duty of the state government.
- Article 21A, which is a fundamental right, provides for free and compulsory education to all children between 6 and 14 years of age.
- Article 45 states that the State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
- Article 19, which is a fundamental right, provides for freedom of speech and expression.
- Article 29 provides for the protection of interests of minorities.
- Article 30 deals with the right of minorities to establish and administer education institutions.
- Article 46 states that it is the duty of the government to support the educational interests of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
Question 10.
Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to education?
Answer:
Article 21A of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to education to children between 6 and 14 years of age.
Question 11.
Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression?
Answer:
Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression.
Question 12.
How are Right to Life and Right to Education related?
Answer:
Right to Life is the summarised expression for all those rights which the courts must enforce because they are basic to the dignified enjoyment of life. The right to education flows directly from the right to life. The right to life and the dignity of an individual cannot be assured unless it is accompanied by the right to education. Thus the Supreme Court’s decision to understand the Right to Life from an educational perspective is an important one.
Question 13.
Why is the Supreme Court’s judgement in the Unnikrishnan vs State of Andhra Pradesh case significant?
Answer:
The Supreme Court’s judgement in the Unnikrishnan vs State of Andhra Pradesh case is significant because in its judgement the Supreme Court held that children between 6 and 14 years of age have the fundamental right to free and compulsory education.
Question 14.
How does gender discrimination take place?
Answer:
In reality, our social perspectives are interdependent, that is, one person’s thoughts are influenced by the thoughts of others. Such influences on an individual may be due to thoughts of family members or of the neighbours. Hence, the motivational issues supporting the education of a boy or a girl have more to do with the social sphere of human life. Gender based inequality can be seen more with respect to access to school education, food and health facilities.
Question 15.
How can gender discrimination be overcome?
Answer:
The national Family Health Survey-4 of 2015-16 shows that women have lesser BMI. 60.9% of the children between 6 and 56 months and 45.2% of pregnant women suffer from anaemia. Therefore, development should include food and nutrition security to women and children. Through this one can try to overcome gender based discrimination.
Question 16.
What is social stratification?
Answer:
In human society, people have been classified as superior-inferior and upper-lower and assigned differential roles and status. This method of dividing people into different strata and assigning different roles and status to them in society is called social stratification.
Question 17.
What are the features of social stratification?
Answer:
- Social stratification is social in nature.
- It is universal
- It is ancient.
- It exists in different forms.
Question 18.
Explain the features of social stratification.
Answer:
- Social stratification is social in nature. It is based on social recognition and importance and not on any physical traits.
- Social stratification is universal It is found wherever human society exists.
- Social stratification is ancient. Social stratification has been in existence since the birth of human society. It is
- found in both nomadic as well as modern civilised societies.
- Social stratification exists in different ways. It exists in different names in different countries.
Question 19.
What are the bases on which the status of a person is fixed?
Answer:
The status of a person is fixed based on his education, income, profession, skill and other social traits.
Question 20.
How can you say that social stratification exists in different names in different countries?
Answer:
In ancient Rome there were differences between Plebeians and Patricians. Similarly, in India, society was divided into four groups – Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, based on the varna theory. This shows that social stratification exists in different rfames in different countries.
Question 21.
Which are the major forms of social stratification?
Answer:
The major forms of social stratification that existed from ancient times to the present day are: primitive society, slavery, estate system, varna system and caste system.
Question 22.
Write a note on the varna system.
OR
State the functions performed by the various vamas.
Answer:
The varna system that was present in Indian society, is believed to have started during the Vedic period. It is said to be based on the karma theory. There were four vamas, namely
- Brahmins : priests, scholars and teachers.
- Kshatriyas : rulers, warriors and administrators.
- Vaishyas : agriculturalists and merchants.
- Shudras : labourers and service providers.
The people belonging to these four groups were expected to perform their respective roles.
Question 23.
Who were the untouchables? How did the system of untouchability originate?
Answer:
The untouchables were the people who occupied the lowest position in the caste hierarchy. They did not belong to the four varnas, and formed the fifth group. The practice of untouchability has its beginning in the varna system.
Question 24.
Who occupied the lowest rung of the caste hierarchy?
Answer:
The untouchables occupied the lowest rung of the caste hierarchy.
Question 25.
What are the problems related to untouchability?
OR
Explain the features of untouchability.
Answer:
(a) Lowest position in the social strata – The untouchables occupy the lowest position in the strata of a caste based society. Anyone who touched an untouchable had to undergo purification. The untouchables were not allowed to wear footwear. They were not allowed to use wells, tanks and the cemetery used by the upper castes. They were expected to carry night soil, dead animals and do other filthy jobs. Their birth was the main reason for these restrictions on their social mobility.
(b) Denial of education – The untouchables were kept out of education for many centuries. They were not supposed to listen to Vedic recitations nor recite them. They were barred from learning Sanskrit. Because of the profanity attached to untouchables, they were kept outside the ambit of education.
(c) Denial of property rights – Traditionally the untouchables were not allowed to own any property. Citing the denial of such right in the Dharmasastras, the untouchables were denied property rights.
(d) Denial of right to political participation – The untouchables were not allowed to participate in the political system. They were given some rights during the British rule.
Question 26.
What are the views ofManu Smriti regarding untouchables?
Answer:
According to Manu Smriti, anyone who touches the untouchables (Chandalas) had to undergo purification many times.
Question 27.
Who is called the chief architect of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is called the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.
Question 28.
What are the legal measures taken to remove untouchability?
OR
What are the constitutional and legal measures taken to remove untouchability? Constitutional measures:
Answer:
- Article 17 of the Indian Constitution prohibits the practice of untouchability.
- The Constitution guarantees universal suffrage and right to equality to all citizens.
- Articles 15,16,17,38 and 46 stipulate that there should be no discrimination among Indian citizens.
- Articles 16(4) and 320(4) provide reservation in employment to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
- Articles 330, 332 and 334 provide reservation in the political field to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
- Article 29 guarantees educational facilities.
- Article 25 guarantees free entry to all people to social and religious places.
Legal measures:
- The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 declares the practice of untouchability a punishable offence.
- The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 which was amended in 1976 and renamed The Protection of Civil
- Rights Act, not only declares the practice of untouchability a punishable offence but also prescribes more
- stringent punishment for practice of untouchability.
- The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989 confers special responsibilities on the state governments with regard to eradication of untouchability.
Question 29.
How is untouchability a social evil?
Answer:
Stratification in Indian society can be seen in the caste system. The caste system considers some castes as high and others as low. People belonging to certain low castes were considered untouchables, and they were discriminated against in food, employment, education, etc. They were not allowed to use the water from public wells and tanks, nor allowed to use the cemetery used by the upper castes. They were deprived of social, cultural, religious, educational and political facilities and opportunities. The practice of untouchability violates the principles of equality and humanity. Therefore it is a social evil.
Multiple – choice Questions
Question 1.
The Supreme Court in its judgement in the Unnikrishnan vs State of Andhra Pradesh case, said that ………………..
(A) education is the fundamental right of children below 6 years of age
(B) education is the fundamental right of minorities
(C) unequal opportunities in the field of education should be eradicated
(D) education is the fundamental right of children between 6 and 14 years of age.
Answer:
(D) education is the fundamental right of children between 6 and 14 years of age.
Question 2.
Freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed by this Article of the Constitution.
(A) Article 19
(B) Article 25
(C) Article 21A
(D) Article 39.
Answer:
(A) Article 19
Question 3.
Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the Right to ________
(A) Speak
(B) Life
(C) Express one’s opinion
(D) Equality.
Answer:
(B) Life
Question 4.
The division of people into different strata and then assigning different roles and status to them is called ________.
(A) social inequality
(B) social discrimination
(C) social stratification
(D) untouchability.
Answer:
(C) social stratification
Question 5.
Untouchability is a heinous expression of caste system, according to ________
(A) B.R. Ambedkar
(B) Manu Smriti
(C) Vyaghrapada
(D) Gandhiji.
Answer:
(D) Gandhiji.
Question 6.
The lowest position in the social strata is occupied by ________
(A) untouchables
(B) Brahmins
(C) Shudras
(D) Vaisyas.
Answer:
(A) untouchables
Question 7.
The caste of a person was decided by ………………..
(A) skill
(B) birth
(C) profession
(D) education.
Answer:
(B) birth
Question 8.
The Untouchability Offences Act was amended and renamed ________
(A) Untouchability Crime Act
(B) Act of 1989
(C) Protection of Civil Rights Act
(D) Government of India Act.
Answer:
(C) Protection of Civil Rights Act
Fill in the blanks
- Minority communities are allowed to establish educational institutions under Article 30 of the Constitution.
- The practice of untouchability is prohibited by Article 17.
- The Untouchability Offences Act was implemented in the year 1955.